堆積排序
(Heapsort)是指利用堆積樹(堆)這種資料結構所設計的一種排序算法,可以利用數組的特點快速定位指定索引的元素。堆排序是不穩定的排序方法,輔助空間為O(1), 最壞時間復雜度為O(nlog2n)<wbr>,堆排序的堆序的平均性能較接近于最壞性能。<wbr></wbr></wbr>
堆排序利用了大根堆(或小根堆)堆頂記錄的關鍵字最大(或最小)這一特征,使得在當前無序區中選取最大(或最小)關鍵字的記錄變得簡單。
(1)用大根堆排序的基本思想
① 先將初始文件R[1..n]建成一個大根堆,此堆為初始的無序區
② 再將關鍵字最大的記錄R[1](即堆頂)和無序區的最后一個記錄R[n]交換,由此得到新的無序區R[1..n-1]和有序區R[n],且滿足R[1..n-1].keys≤R[n].key
③由于交換后新的根R[1]可能違反堆性質,故應將當前無序區R[1..n-1]調整為堆。然后再次將R[1..n-1]中關鍵字最大的記錄R[1]和該區間的最后一個記錄R[n-1]交換,由此得到新的無序區R[1..n-2]和有序區R[n-1..n],且仍滿足關系R[1..n-2].keys≤R[n-1..n].keys,同樣要將R[1..n-2]調整為堆。
……
直到無序區只有一個元素為止。
(2)大根堆排序算法的基本操作:
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① 初始化操作:將R[1..n]構造為初始堆;
② 每一趟排序的基本操作:將當前無序區的堆頂記錄R[1]和該區間的最后一個記錄交換,然后將新的無序區調整為堆(亦稱重建堆)。
注意:<wbr></wbr>
①只需做n-1趟排序,選出較大的n-1個關鍵字即可以使得文件遞增有序。
②用小根堆排序與利用大根堆類似,只不過其排序結果是遞減有序的。堆排序和直接選擇排序相反:在任何時刻堆排序中無序區總是在有序區之前,且有序區是在原向量的尾部由后往前逐步擴大至整個向量為止。
代碼實現:
public class HeapSort<wbr> { <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> public static void main(String[] args) <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> { <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> int[] a = {26, 5, 77, 1, 61, 11, 59, 15, 48, 19}; <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Sort(a); <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> } <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> ////小堆排序<br><wbr><wbr><wbr> public static void Sort(int[] a) <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> { <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> int n = a.length; <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> int temp = 0; <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Display(a, "Before sort : "); <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> for(int i=n/2; i>0; i--) <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Adjust(a, i-1, n); <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> for(int i=n-2; i>=0; i--) <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> { <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> temp = a[i+1]; <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> a[i+1] = a[0]; <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> a[0] = temp; <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Adjust(a, 0, i+1); <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> } <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Display(a, "After<wbr> sort : "); <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> } <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> public<wbr> static void Adjust(int[] a, int i, int n) <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr> { <wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>