1. 先裝好CentOS5.4

注意:

A.記得裝好後要先關(guān)閉SELinux

B. oracle 需要有1G以上的實(shí)體記憶體(VM中建議1100MB)

C. 建議2GB(或2倍以上的實(shí)體記憶體)的SWAP空間

D.安裝必須套件 (這全部是同一行)

[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

以及

[root@oracle ~]#yum install pdksh-5.2.14

E.由於考量日後還要繼續(xù)新增ORACLE的database大小

所以建議主硬碟為10G + 2G的SWAP +1G實(shí)體記憶體(建議是1100MB)

用VM時(shí),假設(shè)掛載上的硬碟為/dev/sdb , 掛載目錄設(shè)為 /u01

掛載方法請(qǐng)參照筆者網(wǎng)誌上的另一篇文章.

F.建立oracle帳戶, 使用第二步驟建立, 此帳戶將用來(lái)開(kāi)啟與管理ORACLE所有設(shè)定(不一定要給予ROOT權(quán)限)

G.下載下來(lái)的oracle安裝檔,必須解壓縮在同一目錄, 如:

unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
cd database
./runInstall

2.用root執(zhí)行

# groupadd oinstall (建立oinstall 群組,安裝程序那邊會(huì)用到)
# groupadd dba (建立dba群組,安裝程序那邊會(huì)用到)

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/

為了使以上的設(shè)定變更到另一磁碟, ex: /dev/sdb, 請(qǐng)先將/dev/sdb掛載成/u01

# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle (之後軟體安裝的路徑)

#mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/

#chmod -R 775 /u01

把/u01給oracle使用

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

(這段要執(zhí)行, 不然之後安裝程序要回來(lái)改權(quán)限)

3. 改用oracle登入, 這邊是希望之後以oracle就執(zhí)行與管理這項(xiàng)服務(wù), 不要被其他帳戶混淆.(盡可能由單一用戶執(zhí)行單一服務(wù), 也盡量不要用root開(kāi)啟服務(wù))

並改寫(xiě)oracle 的 .bash_profile 部分如下

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.6.0_17
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
#NLS_LANG=”TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN”.ZHT16BIG5;export NLS_LANG
export NLS_LANG
#LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5; export LC_CTYPE
export LC_CTYPE
#LC_ALL=zh_TW.UTF8; export LC_ALL
export LC_ALL
#LANG=zh_TW.Big5; export LANG
export LANG
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

4.用root修改下面參數(shù):

修改核心參數(shù)：

Add the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf

32位元的設(shè)定

rnel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmax=552599552——half the size of physical memory(一半的記憶體, 以1gRAM來(lái)說(shuō), 會(huì)是552599552 )
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

64位元的

kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmax=552599552
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

讓設(shè)定生效, 改完核心參數(shù)之後, 一定要執(zhí)行, 使設(shè)定生效!!!!

[root@oracle ~]# /sbin/sysctl –p

為oracle用戶設(shè)置Shell限制,

Add the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

修改/etc/pam.d/login

Add the following lines to /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

如果使用bash Shell，修改/etc/profile

Add the following lines to /etc/profile

if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

5. 進(jìn)入解壓縮後產(chǎn)生的database資料夾, 執(zhí)行:

[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller

6.依照以下步驟開(kāi)始安裝:

?

=|= 設(shè)置服務(wù)，只保留如下幾個(gè)
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# ntsysv
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
iptables

=|= 解決中文亂碼問(wèn)題，添加如下行
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/bashrc

export LANG=en_US
export LANGUAGE=en_US
export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN
export LC_MESSAGES=zh_CN
export SUPPORTED="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"

=|= 配置 vim 編輯文件添加如下行
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# vi /root/.bashrc

alias mv='mv -i'
alias vi='vim'

[root@oracle ~]# vi /root/.vimrc

syntax on

=|= 安裝相關(guān)組件包
--------------------------------------------

yum -y install make autoconf automake vim-enhanced sysstat glibc libgcc gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel compat-libstdc++-33 unixODBC unixODBC-devel

binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel pdksh libaio libaio-devel screen

yum -y update

=|= 安裝桌面環(huán)境(Oracle安裝要用桌面)
--------------------------------------------
yum -y groupinstall "Java Development"
yum -y groupinstall "X Window System"
yum -y groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment"
yum -y install vnc-server

=|= 配置VNC
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# vncserver

根據(jù)提示輸入兩次密碼，即可完成VNC的配置

修改iptables增加端口 5801 5901

[root@oracle ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 5901 -j ACCEPT
[root@testdb ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 5801 -j ACCEPT

=|= 修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)，增加如下行
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle soft]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

[root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p
使之立即生效

=|= 添加oracle所需用戶和組
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle??? #添加oracle用戶到oinstall組dba副組
[root@oracle ~]# passwd oracle??????????????????????? #設(shè)置oracle用戶的密碼
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /oracle??????????????????????? #創(chuàng)建oracle要安裝的目錄
[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle???? #設(shè)置目錄權(quán)限

=|= 確認(rèn)主機(jī)名和hosts中的主機(jī)名解析設(shè)置
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# hostname
oracle.fei.cn
[root@oracle ~]#
[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1?????????????? localhost.localdomain localhost
#::1??????????? localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
125.76.249.100????????? oracle.fei.cn oracle????????? #主要是這一行

=|= 為oracle用戶設(shè)置shell限制，添加如下內(nèi)容
--------------------------------------------
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle???????????? soft?? nproc? 2047
oracle???????????? hard?? nproc? 16384
oracle???????????? soft??? nofile 1024
oracle???????????? hard?? nofile 65536

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session??? required???? /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session??? required???? pam_limits.so

[root@oracle ~]# vi/etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
?????? if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
???????????? ulimit -n 65536
?????? else
???????????? ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
?????? fi
fi

切換到oracle用戶，注意要用 su - root命令（注 意，‘-’的左右都有空格！）這樣才確保把環(huán)境帶過(guò)去
如果只是su root是不會(huì)把環(huán)境帶過(guò)去的
[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile（設(shè)置環(huán)境變量）
export PATH

ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=superfei
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

[root@localhost ~]#exit （退出登錄讓設(shè)置生效）
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=superfei
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

確認(rèn)無(wú)誤

至此，安裝oracle的前期準(zhǔn)備工作就全部完成了。

=|= 開(kāi)始安裝
--------------------------------------------

=|= 下載安裝包上傳到服務(wù)器
--------------------------------------------

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

我放置在了 /data/soft 目錄

解壓安裝包

[root@oracle ~]# cd /data/soft
[root@oracle soft]# unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@oracle soft]# unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@oracle soft]# ls
database? linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip? linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解壓后的目錄為 database

=|= 執(zhí)行安裝
--------------------------------------------
先用vnc 使用端口 5901 連接到服務(wù)器

打開(kāi)終端窗口

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /data/soft/database
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ./runInstaller

正常情況下，會(huì)彈出oracle的安裝界面。

如果出錯(cuò)沒(méi)有彈出，而是出了如下錯(cuò)誤：

[oracle@localhost database]$ Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server
Xlib: No protocol specified
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.InternalError: Can't connect to X11 window server using ':0.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable.
??????? at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.initDisplay(Native Method)
??????? at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.access$000(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:53)
??????? at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment$1.run(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:142)
??????? at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
??????? at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.<clinit>(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:131)
??????? at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
??????? at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:164)
??????? at java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment(GraphicsEnvironment.java:68)
??????? at java.awt.Window.init(Window.java:270)
??????? at java.awt.Window.<init>(Window.java:318)
??????? at java.awt.Frame.<init>(Frame.java:419)
??????? at oracle.ewt.popup.PopupFrame.<init>(Unknown Source)
??????? at oracle.ewt.lwAWT.BufferedFrame.<init>(Unknown Source)
??????? at oracle.sysman.oio.oioc.OiocOneClickInstaller.<init>(OiocOneClickInstaller.java:328)
??????? at oracle.sysman.oio.oioc.OiocOneClickInstaller.<clinit>(OiocOneClickInstaller.java:168)

解決方法，再打開(kāi)一個(gè)終端窗口，在root下執(zhí)行

[root@oracle ~]# xhost local:oracle
non-network local connections being added to access control list

現(xiàn)在可以了，再次在 oracle 用戶下執(zhí)行 ./runInstaller 即會(huì)彈出安裝窗口。

在CentOS5.4安裝Oracle 11gR2