Oracle GoldenGate軟件基于數據庫日志結構變化，通過解析源端在線日志或歸檔日志獲得數據增量，再將這些變化應用到目標數據庫，從而實現源庫和目標庫的數據同步。下面通過一個簡單的示例，詳細介紹利用GoldenGate實現Oracle數據庫之間的同步。基本架構如下圖所示：

1. 安裝

1.1 下載介質

GoldenGate的安裝介質可以從Oracle的官網上下載。

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html

1.2 配置GoldenGate用戶

下載完成后將其拷貝到源和目標的相應位置解壓完成后，即可以開始進行配置。

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba ggate
# su – ggate
$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ tar ……

注意，如果使用Oracle 11g的數據庫，需要創建一個link文件。

$ ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so -
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so

$ vi ~/.bash_profile

添加如下的內容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/app/oracle/ggate
export GGATE=/u01/app/oracle/ggate

1.3 創建目錄

使用ggsci工具，創建必要的目錄。

$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ ./ggsci

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18

Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs

至此，GoldenGate基本的安裝完成。

Note. 此部分需要在源端和目標端完成。

2. 源數據庫配置

GoldenGate主要通過抓取源端數據庫重做日志進行分析，將獲取的數據應用到目標端，實現數據同步。因此，為了讓GoldenGate能夠正常工作，源數據庫需要進行一定配置。

2.1 設置源庫為歸檔模式

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

2.2 開啟minimal supplemental logging

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

SQL> select SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN from v$database;

SUPPLEME
——–
YES

2.3 關閉數據庫的recyblebin

SQL> alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;

如果數據庫是10g，需要關閉recyclebin并重啟；或者手工purge recyclebin。

2.4 配置復制的DDL支持

SQL> create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggate;

SQL> @$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;
SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;
SQL> @$GGATE/role_setup.sql;
SQL> grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;

2.5 創建源端和目標端的測試用戶

source

SQL> create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender;

destination

SQL> create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;

3. 配置manager

在源端和目標端分別執行下面的步驟。

3.1 創建manager

[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all

Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr

PORT 7809

ggate (gridcontrol) 3> start manager

Manager started.

4. 配置源端復制隊列

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1

EXTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1

extract ext1
userid ggate@source , password oracle
rmthost centos4, mgrport 7809
rmttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt
ddl include mapped objname sender.*;
table sender.*;

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all

Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER STOPPED
EXTRACT STOPPED EXT1 00:00:00 00:10:55

5. 配置目標端同步隊列

5.1 在目標端添加checkpoint表

[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci

GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL –添加下列內容

GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint

GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate@target
Password:

Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint

Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.

5.2 創建同步隊列

GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint

REPLICAT added.

GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1

replicat rep1
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
userid ggate@target , password ggate
discardfile /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
DDL
map sender.*, target receiver.*;

6. 開啟同步

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all

Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT RUNNING EXT1 00:00:00 00:00:05

GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1

GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all

Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT RUNNING REP1 00:00:00 00:00:00

7. 驗證結果

源端：

SQL> create table sender.test_tab_1 (id number,rnd_str varchar2(12));
SQL> insert into sender.test_tab_1 values (1,’test_1′);
SQL> commit;

目標端：

SQL> select * from receiver.test_tab_1;

ID RND_STR
———- ————
1 test_1

Oracle GoldenGate安裝配置