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window下對Nginx+tomcat負載均衡做了配置嘗試，將全部請求轉發到tomcat，并未做靜態，動態分開，圖片防盜鏈等配置。

Nginx 介紹

???? Nginx （發音同 engine x）是一款輕量級的Web 服務器／反向代理服務器及電子郵件（IMAP/POP3）代理服務器，并在一個BSD-like 協議下發行。? 其特點是占有內存少，并發能力強，事實上nginx的并發能力確實在同類型的網頁伺服器中表現較好.

Window xp環境：Nginx+Tomcat6

1、下載地址

??????? http://nginx.org/en/download.html ，這里我們推薦下載穩定版（stable versions），本文采用nginx-1.0.4。

2、目錄結構

????? Nginx-

?????????????? |_? conf?? 配置目錄

?????????????? |_? contrib

?????????????? |_? docs 文檔目錄

?????????????? |_? logs? 日志目錄

?????????????? |_? temp 臨時文件目錄

?????????????? |_? html 靜態頁面目錄

?????????????? |_? nginx.exe 主程序

????? window下安裝Nginx極其簡單，解壓縮到一個無空格的英文目錄即可，雙擊nginx啟動，這里我安裝到：D:\software\nginx-1.0.4目錄，下面涉及到的tomcat也安裝在此目錄。

?? ? ?在DOS命令下即可啟動Nginx：d: ?---> ?cd d:\software\nginx-1.0.4 ---> start nginx

?? ? ? ? ?如果要對啟動的Nginx進程進行控制，也可以使用DOS命令：

?? ? ? ? ?nginx -s [stop | quit | reopen | reload]

3、nginx.conf配置

?? Nginx配置文件默認在conf目錄，主要配置文件為nginx.conf。下面是nginx作為前端反向代理服務器的配置。

Java代碼??

<span>#使用的用戶和組,window下不指定??
#user??www?www;??
#指定工作衍生進程數(一般等于CPU總和數或總和數的兩倍，例如兩個四核CPU，則總和數為 8)??
worker_processes?? 1;??
#指定錯誤日志文件存放路徑，錯誤日志級別可選項為【debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit】??
#error_log??logs/error.log;??
#error_log??logs/error.log??notice;??
error_log??logs/error.log??info;??
#指定pid存放路徑??
pid????????logs/nginx.pid;??
??
#工作模式及連接數上限???
events?{??
????#使用網絡I/O模型，Linux系統推薦使用epoll模型，FreeBSD系統推薦使用kqueue;window下不指定??
????#use?epoll;??
????#允許的連接數??
????worker_connections?? 1024;??
}??
??
#設定http服務器，利用他的反向代理功能提供負載均衡支持???
http?{??
????#設定mime類型???
????include???????mime.types;??
????default_type??application/octet-stream;??
??
????#設定日志格式???
????#log_format??main?? '$remote_addr?-?$remote_user?[$time_local]?"$request"?'??
????#?????????????????? '$status?$body_bytes_sent?"$http_referer"?'??
????#?????????????????? '"$http_user_agent"?"$http_x_forwarded_for"';??
??
????log_format?main? '$remote_addr?-?$remote_user?[$time_local]'?????
???????????????????????????????????????? '"$request"?$status?$bytes_sent'?????
???????????????????????????????????????? '"$http_referer"?"$http_user_agent"?"$http_x_forwarded_for"'?????
???????????????????????????????????????? '"$gzip_ratio"';?????
????????log_format?download? '$remote_addr?-?$remote_user?[$time_local]'?????
???????????????????????????????????????? '"$request"?$status?$bytes_sent'?????
???????????????????????????????????????? '"$http_referer"?"$http_user_agent"'?????
???????????????????????????????????????? '"$http_range"?"$sent_http_content_range"';??
??????
????#設定請求緩沖?????
????client_header_buffer_size?1k;?????
????large_client_header_buffers? 4?4k;??
??????
????#設定access?log????
????access_log??logs/access.log??main;??
????client_header_timeout?3m;?????
????????client_body_timeout?3m;?????
????????send_timeout?3m;???
??
????sendfile????????on;??
????tcp_nopush?????on;??
????tcp_nodelay?on;????
????#keepalive_timeout?? 0;??
????keepalive_timeout?? 65;??
??
????#開啟gzip模塊???
????gzip??on;??
????gzip_min_length? 1100;?????
????????gzip_buffers? 4?8k;?????
????????gzip_types?text/plain?application/x-javascript?text/css?application/xml;????
???????????
????????output_buffers? 1?32k;?????
????????postpone_output? 1460;??
??????
????server_names_hash_bucket_size? 128;????
????client_max_body_size?8m;????
??????
????fastcgi_connect_timeout? 300;????
????fastcgi_send_timeout? 300;????
????fastcgi_read_timeout? 300;????
????fastcgi_buffer_size?64k;????
????fastcgi_buffers? 4?64k;????
????fastcgi_busy_buffers_size?128k;????
????fastcgi_temp_file_write_size?128k;????
????gzip_http_version? 1.1;????
????gzip_comp_level? 2;????
????gzip_vary?on;???
??
????#設定負載均衡的服務器列表?????
????????upstream?localhost?{???
????????????#根據ip計算將請求分配各那個后端tomcat，許多人誤認為可以解決session問題，其實并不能。????
????????#同一機器在多網情況下，路由切換，ip可能不同??????
????????????#weigth參數表示權值，權值越高被分配到的幾率越大?????
????????????server?localhost: 8080?weight= 1;?????
????????????server?localhost: 9080?weight= 1;?????
????????}???
??
????#設定虛擬主機??
????server?{??
????????listen??????? 80;??
????????server_name??localhost;??
??
????????#koi8-r??
????????charset?UTF- 8;??
??
????????#設定本虛擬主機的訪問日志??
????????access_log??logs/host.access.log??main;??
??????????
????????#假如訪問?/img/*,?/js/*,?/css/*?資源，則直接取本地文檔，不通過squid?????
????????#假如這些文檔較多，不推薦這種方式，因為通過squid的緩存效果更好????
????????location?~?^/(img|js|css)/?{?????
????????????????????root?/data3/Html;?????
????????????????????expires?24h;?????
????????????????}???
??????????????????
????????????????#對? "/"?啟用負載均衡??
????????location?/?{??
????????????root???html;??
????????????index??index.html?index.htm?index.jsp;??
??????????????
????????????????????????proxy_redirect?off;???
????????????????????????#保留用戶真實信息????
????????????????????????proxy_set_header?Host?$host;?????
????????????????????????proxy_set_header?X-Real-IP?$remote_addr;?????
????????????????????????proxy_set_header?X-Forwarded-For?$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;???
????????????????????????#允許客戶端請求的最大單個文件字節數????
????????????????????????client_max_body_size?10m;?????
????????????????????????#緩沖區代理緩沖用戶端請求的最大字節數，可以理解為先保存到本地再傳給用戶??
????????????????????????client_body_buffer_size?128k;?????
????????????????????????#跟后端服務器連接超時時間?發起握手等候響應超時時間??
????????????????????????proxy_connect_timeout? 90;??
????????????????????????#連接成功后?等待后端服務器響應時間?其實已進入后端的排隊之中等候處理???
????????????????????????proxy_read_timeout? 90;?????
??????????????????????#后端服務器數據回傳時間?就是在規定時間內后端服務器必須傳完所有數據?????
????????????????????????proxy_send_timeout? 90;??
????????????????????????#代理請求緩存區?這個緩存區間會保存用戶的頭信息一共Nginx進行規則處理?一般只要能保存下頭信息即可??
????????????????????????proxy_buffer_size?4k;?????
????????????????????????#同上?告訴Nginx保存單個用的幾個Buffer最大用多大空間??
????????????????????????proxy_buffers? 4?32k;?????
????????????????????????#如果系統很忙的時候可以申請國內各大的proxy_buffers?官方推薦?* 2??
????????????????????????proxy_busy_buffers_size?64k;????
????????????????????????#proxy?緩存臨時文件的大小???
????????????????????????proxy_temp_file_write_size?64k;???
????????????????????????proxy_next_upstream?error?timeout?invalid_header?http_500?http_503?http_404;??
????????????????????????proxy_max_temp_file_size?128m;???
??????????????????????????
????????????????????????proxy_pass?http: //localhost;??
????
????????}??
??
????????#設定查看Nginx狀態的地址?????
????????????????#location?/NginxStatus?{?????
????????????????#???????stub_status?on;?????
????????????????#???????access_log?on;?????
????????????????#???????auth_basic? "NginxStatus";?????
????????????????#???????auth_basic_user_file?conf/htpasswd;?????
????????????????#}?????
??
????????#error_page?? 404??????????????/ 404.html;??
??
????????#?redirect?server?error?pages?to?the? static?page?/50x.html??
????????#??
??????????
????????error_page??? 500? 502? 503? 504??/50x.html;??
????????location?=?/50x.html?{??
????????????root???html;??
????????}??
??
????????#?proxy?the?PHP?scripts?to?Apache?listening?on? 127.0. 0.1: 80??
????????#??
????????#location?~?\.php$?{??
????????#????proxy_pass???http: //127.0.0.1;??
????????#}??
??
????????#?pass?the?PHP?scripts?to?FastCGI?server?listening?on? 127.0. 0.1: 9000??
????????#??
????????#location?~?\.php$?{??
????????#????root???????????html;??
????????#????fastcgi_pass??? 127.0. 0.1: 9000;??
????????#????fastcgi_index??index.php;??
????????#????fastcgi_param??SCRIPT_FILENAME??/scripts$fastcgi_script_name;??
????????#????include????????fastcgi_params;??
????????#}??
??
????????#?deny?access?to?.htaccess?files,? if?Apache's?document?root??
????????#?concurs?with?nginx's?one??
????????#??
????????#location?~?/\.ht?{??
????????#????deny??all;??
????????#}??
????}??
??
??
????#?another?virtual?host?using?mix?of?IP-,?name-,?and?port-based?configuration??
????#??
????#server?{??
????#????listen??????? 8000;??
????#????listen???????somename: 8080;??
????#????server_name??somename??alias??another.alias;??
??
????#????location?/?{??
????#????????root???html;??
????#????????index??index.html?index.htm;??
????#????}??
????#}??
??
??
????#?HTTPS?server??
????#??
????#server?{??
????#????listen??????? 443;??
????#????server_name??localhost;??
??
????#????ssl??????????????????on;??
????#????ssl_certificate??????cert.pem;??
????#????ssl_certificate_key??cert.key;??
??
????#????ssl_session_timeout??5m;??
??
????#????ssl_protocols??SSLv2?SSLv3?TLSv1;??
????#????ssl_ciphers??ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;??
????#????ssl_prefer_server_ciphers???on;??
??
????#????location?/?{??
????#????????root???html;??
????#????????index??index.html?index.htm;??
????#????}??
????#}??
??
}??
</span>??

??4、Tomcat配置

?? ? ?tomcat的配置依然使用 Apache+tomcat集群配置的中配置。

5、驗證配置與測試負載均衡

???? 首先測試nginx配置是否正確，測試命令：nginx -t? (默認驗證:conf\nginx.conf),也可以指定配置文件路徑。

?? ?最后驗證配置負載均衡設置， http://localhost/ 或 http://localhost/index.jsp 。

?? ?測試負載均衡參考? Apache + Tomcat集群配置詳解（2）

?

至此window下nginx+tomcat負載均衡配置結束，關于tomcat Session的問題通常是采用memcached，或者采用nginx_upstream_jvm_route ，他是一個 Nginx 的擴展模塊，用來實現基于 Cookie 的 Session Sticky 的功能。如果tomcat過多不建議session同步，server間相互同步session很耗資源，高并發環境容易引起Session風暴。請根據自己應用情況合理采納session解決方案。

下面幾篇不錯的文章：

?? ??http://czllfy.iteye.com/blog/510295

?? ??http://www.blogjava.net/Alpha/archive/2011/06/21/352745.html

?? ??http://www.jtben.com/document/4440

?? ? http://tmsoft.lsxy.com/index.php?load=read&id=938

張宴的Blog：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_cache/

Nginx+tomcat配置負載均衡

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