前面介紹過Spring的MVC結合不同的view顯示不同的數據,如:結合json的view顯示json、結合xml的view顯示xml文檔。那么這些數據除了在WebBrowser中用JavaScript來調用以外,還可以用遠程服務器的Java程序、C#程序來調用。也就是說現在的程序不僅在BS中能調用,在CS中同樣也能調用,不過你需要借助RestTemplate這個類來完成。RestTemplate有點類似于一個WebService客戶端請求的模版,可以調用http請求的WebService,并將結果轉換成相應的對象類型。至少你可以這樣理解!
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上一次博文介紹SpringMVC結合不同的View,顯示不同的數據。 http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/29/2032571.html
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Email:hoojo_@126.com
Blog: http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
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一、準備工作
1、 下載jar包
spring各版本jar下載地址: http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library/detail?name=org.springframework.spring
相關的依賴包也可以在這里找到: http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library
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2、 需要jar包如下
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3、 當前工程的web.xml配置
<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ? >
< web-app version ="2.4"
xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
>
<!-- 配置Spring核心控制器 -->
< servlet >
< servlet-name > dispatcher </ servlet-name >
< servlet-class > org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </ servlet-class >
< init-param >
< param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name >
< param-value > /WEB-INF/dispatcher.xml </ param-value >
</ init-param >
< load-on-startup > 1 </ load-on-startup >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name > dispatcher </ servlet-name >
< url-pattern > *.do </ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file > index.jsp </ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list >
</ web-app >
4、 WEB-INF中的dispatcher.xml配置
<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ? >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:util ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd"
>
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< context:component-scan base-package ="com.hoo.*" >
<!-- 忽略這個類 -->
< context:exclude-filter type ="assignable" expression ="com.hoo.client.RESTClient" />
</ context:component-scan >
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<!-- annotation的方法映射適配器 -->
< bean id ="handlerAdapter" class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
<!-- xml視圖,XStreamMarshaller,可以轉換任何形式的java對象 -->
< bean name ="xStreamMarshallingView" class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView" >
< property name ="marshaller" >
< bean class ="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller" >
<!-- 為了初始化XStreamMarshaller,這個類會把我們接口中得到結果以XML文檔形式展現出來 -->
< property name ="autodetectAnnotations" value ="true" />
</ bean >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 視圖解析器,根據視圖的名稱new ModelAndView(name),在配置文件查找對應的bean配置 -->
< bean class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver" >
< property name ="order" value ="3" />
</ bean >
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<!-- annotation默認的方法映射適配器 -->
< bean id ="handlerMapping" class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" >
< property name ="order" value ="1" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
5、 啟動后,可以看到index.jsp 沒有出現異常或錯誤。那么當前SpringMVC的配置就成功了。
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二、REST控制器實現
REST控制器主要完成CRUD操作,也就是對于http中的post、get、put、delete。
還有其他的操作,如head、options、trace。
具體代碼:
package
com.hoo.controller;
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import
org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import
org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
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/**
* <b>function:</b>SpringMVC REST示例
* @author hoojo
* @createDate 2011-6-9 上午11:34:08
* @file RESTController.java
* @package com.hoo.controller
* @project SpringRestWS
* @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
* @email hoojo_@126.com
* @version 1.0
*/
@RequestMapping(
"/restful"
)
@Controller
public class RESTController {
@RequestMapping(value =
"/show"
, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public
ModelAndView show() {
System.out.println(
"show"
);
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView( "xStreamMarshallingView" );
model.addObject(
"show method"
);
return
model;
}
@RequestMapping(value =
"/get/{id}"
, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public
ModelAndView getUserById(@PathVariable String id) {
System.out.println(
"getUserById-"
+ id);
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView( "xStreamMarshallingView" );
model.addObject(
"getUserById method -"
+ id);
return
model;
}
@RequestMapping(value =
"/add"
, method = RequestMethod.POST)
public
ModelAndView addUser(String user) {
System.out.println(
"addUser-"
+ user);
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView( "xStreamMarshallingView" );
model.addObject(
"addUser method -"
+ user);
return
model;
}
@RequestMapping(value =
"/edit"
, method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public
ModelAndView editUser(String user) {
System.out.println(
"editUser-"
+ user);
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView( "xStreamMarshallingView" );
model.addObject(
"editUser method -"
+ user);
return
model;
}
@RequestMapping(value =
"/remove/{id}"
, method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public
ModelAndView removeUser(@PathVariable String id) {
System.out.println(
"removeUser-"
+ id);
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView( "xStreamMarshallingView" );
model.addObject(
"removeUser method -"
+ id);
return
model;
}
}
上面的方法對應的http操作:
/show -> get 查詢
/get/id -> get 查詢
/add -> post 添加
/edit -> put 修改
/remove/id -> delete 刪除
在這個方法中,就可以看到RESTful風格的url資源標識
@RequestMapping(value =
"/get/{id}"
, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public
ModelAndView getUserById(@PathVariable String id) {
System.out.println(
"getUserById-"
+ id);
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView( "xStreamMarshallingView" );
model.addObject(
"getUserById method -"
+ id);
return
model;
}
value=”/get/{id}”就是url中包含get,并且帶有id參數的get請求,就會執行這個方法。這個url在請求的時候,會通過Annotation的@PathVariable來將url中的id值設置到getUserById的參數中去。 ModelAndView返回的視圖是xStreamMarshallingView是一個xml視圖,執行當前請求后,會顯示一篇xml文檔。文檔的內容是添加到model中的值。
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三、利用RestTemplate調用REST資源
代碼如下:
package
com.hoo.client;
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import
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import
org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
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/**
* <b>function:</b>RestTemplate調用REST資源
* @author hoojo
* @createDate 2011-6-9 上午11:56:16
* @file RESTClient.java
* @package com.hoo.client
* @project SpringRestWS
* @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
* @email hoojo_@126.com
* @version 1.0
*/
@Component
public class RESTClient {
@Autowired
private
RestTemplate template;
private final static String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringRestWS/restful/" ;
public
String show() {
return template.getForObject(url + "show.do" , String. class , new String[]{});
}
public
String getUserById(String id) {
return template.getForObject(url + "get/{id}.do" , String. class , id);
}
public
String addUser(String user) {
return template.postForObject(url + "add.do?user={user}" , null, String. class , user);
}
public
String editUser(String user) {
template.put(url +
"edit.do?user={user}"
, null, user);
return
user;
}
public
String removeUser(String id) {
template.delete(url +
"/remove/{id}.do"
, id);
return
id;
}
}
RestTemplate的getForObject完成get請求、postForObject完成post請求、put對應的完成put請求、delete完成delete請求;還有execute可以執行任何請求的方法,需要你設置RequestMethod來指定當前請求類型。
RestTemplate.getForObject(String url, Class<String> responseType, String... urlVariables)
參數url是http請求的地址,參數Class是請求響應返回后的數據的類型,最后一個參數是請求中需要設置的參數。
template.getForObject(url + "get/{id}.do", String.class, id);
如上面的參數是{id},返回的是一個string類型,設置的參數是id。最后執行該方法會返回一個String類型的結果。
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下面建立一個測試類,完成對RESTClient的測試。代碼如下:
package
com.hoo.client;
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import
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import
org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import
org.springframework.test.context.junit38.AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests;
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/**
* <b>function:</b>RESTClient TEST
* @author hoojo
* @createDate 2011-6-9 下午03:50:21
* @file RESTClientTest.java
* @package com.hoo.client
* @project SpringRestWS
* @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
* @email hoojo_@126.com
* @version 1.0
*/
@ContextConfiguration(
"classpath:applicationContext-*.xml"
)
public class RESTClientTest extends AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private
RESTClient client;
public void testShow() {
System.out.println(client.show());
}
public void testGetUserById() {
System.out.println(client.getUserById(
"abc"
));
}
public void testAddUser() {
System.out.println(client.addUser(
"jack"
));
}
public void testEditUser() {
System.out.println(client.editUser(
"tom"
));
}
public void testRemoveUser() {
System.out.println(client.removeUser(
"aabb"
));
}
}
我們需要在src目錄下添加applicationContext-beans.xml完成對restTemplate的配置。restTemplate需要配置MessageConvert將返回的xml文檔進行轉換,解析成JavaObject。
<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ? >
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"
>
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.hoo.*" />
< bean id ="restTemplate" class ="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate" >
< property name ="messageConverters" >
< list >
< bean class ="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.MarshallingHttpMessageConverter" >
< property name ="marshaller" ref ="xStreamMarshaller" />
< property name ="unmarshaller" ref ="xStreamMarshaller" />
</ bean >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="xStreamMarshaller" class ="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller" >
< property name ="annotatedClasses" >
< array >
</ array >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
上面配置了xStreamMarshaller是和RESTController中的ModelAndView的view對應的。因為那邊是用xStreamMarshaller進行編組的,所以RestTemplate這邊也需要用它來解組。RestTemplate還指出其他的MarshallingHttpMessageConverter;
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