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Cucumber + Capybara - What we need for rails

系統 2031 0

What’s Capybara

Capybara is a webrat alternative which aims to support all browser simulators.

As you know, webrat can not run javascript on the webpage. In order to test javascript and AJAX based website we need install Selenium-client github .com/ph7/selenium-client and learn extra API and also some configuratons.

Capybara give your a full stack solution.
You can use similar API drive webrat and selenium. And don’t need worry about configuraton.

What’s more, Capybara integrated Celerity which is a JRuby wrapper around HtmlUnit - a headless Java browser with JavaScript support. As your expect it using the same API.

And the killer feature of Capybara is you can easily change driver it use for testing. Not only in config file but also in runtime.

Why we need Cucumber

Before I introduce what is Cucumber, you need know what is BDD .

BDD is an evolution thinking behind TestDrivenDevelopment and AcceptanceTestDrivenPlanning

You don’t need worry about what the hell BDD is. After you start using Cucumber you will know. I promise.

Cucumber is allow you execute plain-text which written by BDD like format as automated tests.

There are plenty of materials on the internet which you can learn Cucumber

First place your need go is Ryan Bates’ RailsCasts Beginning with Cucumber
Then official Wiki of Cucumber will very helpful!!, and there also list some blog posts written by community

I won’t involve more about it. In my later blog post I will give you some tricks about using Cucumber.

Using Cucumber and Capybara

Install

Follow the instruction on Capybara:

Install as a gem

      sudo gem install capybara
    

On OSX you may have to install libffi, you can install it via MacPorts with:

      sudo port install libffi
    

And you also need install Cucumber

      sudo gem install cucumber
    

Generate basic Cucumber folder structure and configuratons

Capybara is built to work nicely with Cucumber. You can easily generate Capybara style cucumber structure and configuraton.

      script/generate cucumber --capybara
    

And maybe you also need install another gem named launchy which is helper class for launching cross-platform applications in a fire and forget manner.

      sudo gem install launchy
    
      group :cucumber 
      
        do
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        capybara
      
      
        '
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        database_cleaner
      
      
        '
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        cucumber-rails
      
      
        '
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        cucumber
      
      
        '
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        rspec-rails
      
      
        '
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        spork
      
      
        '
      
      
        

  gem 
      
      
        '
      
      
        launchy
      
      
        '
      
          # So you can 
      
        do
      
      
         Then show me the page

end 
      
    

?

Configuration

Available Configuration

Actually after you run the generator, you don’t need much more configuraton. Here I’ll list some of configuraton you can set.

You can specify it in features/support/env.rb file

          Capybara.run_server = 
          
            true
          
          
             #Whether start server when testing

Capybara.default_selector 
          
          = :xpath #
          
            default
          
          
             selector , you can change to :css

Capybara.default_wait_time 
          
          = 
          
            2
          
           #When we testing AJAX, we can 
          
            set
          
           a 
          
            default
          
          
             wait time

Capybara.ignore_hidden_elements 
          
          = 
          
            false
          
           #Ignore hidden elements when testing, make helpful when you hide or show elements 
          
            using
          
          
             javascript

Capybara.javascript_driver 
          
          = :culerity #
          
            default
          
           driver when you 
          
            using
          
           @javascript tag
        

Load rails test features

You can put codes below in features/support/env.rb file

      Before 
      
        do
      
      
        

  Fixtures.reset_cache

  fixtures_folder 
      
      = File.join(RAILS_ROOT, 
      
        '
      
      
        test
      
      
        '
      
      , 
      
        '
      
      
        fixtures
      
      
        '
      
      
        )

  fixtures 
      
      = Dir[File.join(fixtures_folder, 
      
        '
      
      
        *.yml
      
      
        '
      
      )].map {|f| File.basename(f, 
      
        '
      
      
        .yml
      
      
        '
      
      
        ) }

  Fixtures.create_fixtures(fixtures_folder, fixtures)

end
      
    

And change

      Cucumber::Rails::World.use_transactional_fixtures = 
      
        false
      
      
        

DatabaseCleaner.strategy 
      
      = :truncation
    

OK. For now we already finish configuration. we can start writing cucumber test

How to run test under different testing driver

As you know cucumber support tags
Capybara using tag to specify different driver, it supports @javascript, @selenium, @celerity, @culerity and @rack_test tags
You can use it like:

      
          @javascript

  Scenario: 
      
      
        do
      
      
         something AJAXy

  When I click the AJAX link

  ...
      
    

About how to write cucumber, you can check out Cucumber Wiki

About Capybara API

What I want to show you is how’s Capybara API look like.

This is all support Webrat like API s in Capybara

      DSL_METHODS =
      
         [

      :all, :attach_file, :body, :check, :choose, :click, :click_button, :click_link, :current_url, :drag, :evaluate_script,

      :field_labeled, :fill_in, :find, :find_button, :find_by_id, :find_field, :find_link, :has_content
      
      ?, :has_css?
      
        ,

      :has_no_content
      
      ?, :has_no_css?, :has_no_xpath?, :has_xpath?, :locate, :save_and_open_page, :
      
        select
      
      
        , :source, :uncheck,

      :visit, :wait_until, :within, :within_fieldset, :within_table, :has_link
      
      ?, :has_no_link?, :has_button?, :has_no_button?
      
        ,

      :has_field
      
      ?, :has_no_field?, :has_checked_field?, :has_unchecked_field?, :has_no_table?, :has_table?
      
        , :unselect,

      :has_select
      
      ?, :has_no_select?
      
        

    ]
      
    

Here are some examples which are not mentioned in Capybara Wiki.

        # we can 
      
        get
      
       page 
      
        object
      
      
        from
      
       cucumber steps, page 
      
        is
      
      
         an instance of @Capybara::Session@

  page.has_css
      
      ? 
      
        "
      
      
        ul.error_messages li
      
      
        "
      
      , :count => 
      
        5
      
      , :text => 
      
        "
      
      
        error
      
      
        "
      
      
        

  page.has_xpath
      
      ? 
      
        "
      
      
        //ul[@class='error_messages']/li
      
      
        "
      
      , :count => 
      
        5
      
      , :text => 
      
        "
      
      
        error
      
      
        "
      
      
        



  #Equivalent

  page.find(:css,
      
      
        "
      
      
        ul.error_messages li
      
      
        "
      
      , :count => 
      
        5
      
      , :text => 
      
        "
      
      
        error
      
      
        "
      
      
        

  page.find(:xpath,
      
      
        "
      
      
        //ul[@class='error_messages']/li
      
      
        "
      
      , :count => 
      
        5
      
      , :text => 
      
        "
      
      
        error
      
      
        "
      
      
        



  #Iterate all elements you found

  all(:xpath,
      
      
        "
      
      
        //ul[@class='error_messages']/input
      
      
        "
      
      ).each 
      
        do
      
       |node|
      
        

    puts node.value

    puts node.[:attribute_name]

    puts node.click

    puts node.
      
      
        set
      
      (
      
        "
      
      
        aa
      
      
        "
      
      ) #
      
        set
      
      
         value

    puts node.text

  end
      
    

XPath

If you want to use XPath in Capybara, you need caution string escape.
Capybara give us a good example

      def s(
      
        string
      
      
        )

  
      
      
        if
      
      
        string
      
      .include?(
      
        "
      
      
        '
      
      
        "
      
      
        )

    
      
      
        string
      
       = 
      
        string
      
      .split(
      
        "
      
      
        '
      
      
        "
      
      , -
      
        1
      
      ).map 
      
        do
      
       |substr|

    
      
        "
      
      
        '#{substr}'
      
      
        "
      
      
        

    end.join(
      
      %q{,
      
        "
      
      
        '
      
      
        "
      
      
        ,})

    
      
      
        "
      
      
        concat(#{string})
      
      
        "
      
      
        else
      
      
        "
      
      
        '#{string}'
      
      
        "
      
      
        

  end

end
      
    

Summarize

Cucumber + Capybara will make your integration test easilier.
Finally we find a full stack integration test.
Have fun with it!

?

?

from : http://www.allenwei.cn/cucumber-capybara-what-we-need-for-rails-integration-test

Cucumber + Capybara - What we need for rails integration test


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